EMOTIONAL PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS: DETERMINANTS AND CLINICAL CORRELATES

U. Michalik-Marcinkowska¹, D. Myrcik², G. Varrassi³ | ¹Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Poland; ²Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland; ³Fondazione Paolo Procacci, Rome, Italy

Abstract

Background and Aims. Emotional pain in older adults is frequently underrecognized despite its substantial impact on quality of life and functional status. Epidemiological studies indicate that clinically significant emotional distress affects approximately 30–50% of older adults, particularly in those with chronic illness and functional decline. To identify key determinants of emotional distress in older adults and examine its relationship with biological, psychological, and social factors.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in older adults (≥65 years) in outpatient clinics. Emotional distress was assessed using standardized screening tools, including the CES-D scale alongside structured clinical interviews. Data on physical health, functional status, and social conditions were collected. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were used to analyze associations between emotional distress and selected clinical and psychosocial variables.
Results. Emotional distress was frequently observed among participants, particularly in individuals with chronic somatic conditions and reduced functional independence. Participants experiencing loneliness, bereavement, and reduced social support more commonly presented with features of emotional distress. Psychological factors such as loss of autonomy and decreased self-esteem were also associated with emotional suffering. Emotional distress appeared less frequently reported among individuals with limited social interaction or reduced help-seeking behavior.
Conclusions. Emotional pain in older adults is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by biological, psychological, and social determinants. Its underrecognition remains a significant clinical challenge. Comprehensive assessment strategies and increased attention to psychosocial factors are essential to improve identification and management of distress in this population.